A new wing facing the Piazzetta San Marco was started in the 1420s. Prior to attaining the highest office in Venice, Dandolos service to the republic included diplomatic missions to foreign courts. A real prima donna of the Venetian court, nothing changed when he was elected Doge in 1355. Whilst cleaning Maddalenas dagger scratch, Cosimo and Maddalena kiss and later have sex. In the centuries that followed, various doges extended, renovated, and reconstructed the palace complex. The Palazzo Ducale, or Doge's Palace, was the seat of the government of Venice for centuries. The title "doge" was the title of the senior-most elected official of Venice and Genoa; both cities were republics and elected doges. [25] Even though Dalmatia would be regained by Venice in the early 15th century, the title was never modified, and remained in use until the end of the Republic. Update my browser now. Elizabeth Heath has lived in the Umbria region of Italy since 2009 and has been writing for TripSavvy since 2017. Back in Italy, this ban was opposed by Rome. The last doge was Ludovico Manin, who abdicated in 1797, when Venice passed under the power of Napoleon's France following his conquest of the city.[28]. Maddalena has a son, Carlo di Cosimo de Medici, (and is in fact Cosimos son), who is a priest and is featured in the future series. [29][a], Before taking the oath of investiture, the doge-elect was presented to the concio with the words: "This is your doge, if it please you. The isolated communities, literally islands of Veneto-Byzantine civilization . A late 1500s effort to expand the prison and ostensibly improve living conditions for the imprisoned resulted in the Prigioni Nuove (New Prisons), which were located on the other side of the Rio del Palazzo and connected to the palace via the Bridge of Sighs. In 1866, Venice became part of the united Kingdom of Italy and the Doge's Palace became the property of the newly formed Italian state. A prolonged conflict with the Papacy in Rome, a long-standing war with the Ottoman Empire and a loss of several key territories left the Republic weakened. The title was also used relatively briefly in Genoa. In the same year, the Ottomans were decisively defeated by the Holy League, which included Venice, at the Battle of Lepanto. Additionally, at this time the Venetians were led by Enrico Dandolo, arguably the most famous doge in Venices history. Doge Enrico Dandolo preaching the Crusade. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. A rapid renovation followed and restored the Gothic-style palace to its pre-fire condition, which is largely what we see today. The Doge of Venice ( / dod / DOHJ; [2] Venetian: Doxe de Venexia [dze de vensja]; Italian: Doge di Venezia [dde di venttsja]; all derived from Latin dux, "military leader"), sometimes translated as Duke (compare the Italian Duca ), was the chief magistrate and leader of the Republic of Venice between 726 and 1797. From the 12th century the aristocracy placed strict limits on the doge. Magnificent paintings, architectural masterpieces and lets not forget, the start of the Venetian Carnival. Meanwhile, back in Florence, Contessina runs into her childhood sweetheart.In exile in Venice, Cosimo finds himself drawn to a slave woman. However, the story goes that Steno snook back in afterwards to carve a message into the Doges throne. Epiphany. who plays the doge of venice in medici - ACTION ARTISTRY Sarah Felberbaumas Maddalena and Richard Madden as Cosimo the Elder, Medici: Masters of Florence. The Byzantine honorific protosebastos had by this time been dropped and was replaced by a reference to Venice's allotment in the partitioning of the Byzantine Empire. This resulted in the infamous sack of Constantinople, which occurred after the citys fall in 1204. After Zara, Dandolo managed to redirect the crusaders to attack Constantinople. Giacomo Casanova, the notorious Italian writer and raconteur, famously escaped from the Old Prisonnicknamed the Piombiby allegedly climbing into the roof rafters, ascending the stairs, and walking out the front door. A Merchant Republic is a realm that can engage in coastal trade. Sebastiano Venier, The Actual Duke (Doge) of Venice in 1571 Exposition Regarding Military Action Othello begins in Venice before shifting to the Venetian island, Cyprus, where a Turkish. Marino Faliero: soldier, ruler and coup leader. [4] Doge Justinian Partecipacius (d. 829) used the title imperialis hypatus et humilis dux Venetiae, 'imperial hypatos and humble duke of Venice'. The Lombard hordes, whose incursions into northern Italy began in ad 568, drove great numbers of mainlanders onto the islands of the lagoon, previously the homes of itinerant fishermen and salt workers. In the following year, he made another trip to Constantinople, this time with the Byzantine ambassador. [Online]Available at: https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Republic_of_Venice, Snell, M., 2019. [28], After 1172 the election of the doge was entrusted to a committee of forty, who were chosen by four men selected from the Great Council of Venice, which was itself nominated annually by twelve persons. The official income of the doge was never large, and from early times holders of the office remained engaged in trading ventures. Interests Horatio F. Brown, "The Venetians and the Venetian Quarter in Constantinople to the Close of the Twelfth Century". Plays JONATHAN SHIFF The Doge of Venice was required by law to give four banquets a year for the top senators and magistrates of the Republic.' From 1595 to 1605, while Marino Grimani was doge, aside from the cus-tomary entertainment of music and dancing, there were also plays performed at the banquets. From the 14th century onward, the ceremonial crown and well-known symbol of the doge of Venice was called corno ducale, a unique ducal hat. The Venetians sided with Rome, and launched a revolt against the Byzantines. e catol. When Orio Mastropiero stepped down in order to retire to a monastery, Enrico Dandolo was . [Online]Available at: https://www.venetoinside.com/hidden-treasures/post/the-election-of-the-doge-of-the-republic-of-venice/, Wu Mingren (Dhwty) has a Bachelor of Arts in Ancient History and Archaeology. Later that evening, she and Cosimo spend the night together. The Venetian combination of elaborate monarchic pomp and a republican (though "aristocratic") constitution with intricate checks and balances makes "La serenissima" (Venice) a textbook example of a crowned republic. After the 15th century, however, the funerals of all later doges were held at the Basilica di San Giovanni e Paolo. Thus, the Republic of Venice, and the office of the doge, came to an end. he had to wait for a decision from the Council. [13] After a Venetian request, it was confirmed by the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos in 1082. The Untersberg is a great mountain straddling the Austro-German border opposite Salzburg. Cosimo de' Medici (ex-lover and father of her son) Marco Bello Appearances First Temptation Last Epiphany Maddalena is Cosimo 's lover in Venice and Florence. Maddalena Enrico Dandolo. This was a dispute over the use of religious images and icons, with the Byzantine emperor, Leo III the Isaurian, banning such veneration in 726 AD. These forty-five were once more reduced by lot to eleven, and the eleven finally chose the forty-one who elected the doge. During the same period, the main characteristics of the office were fixed: the doge was chosen from among the ruling families of Venice and held office for life. Children Deposed peacefully to a monastery because of naval defeat, died three years later. Instead, from 1806 to 1866, a Podest of Venice was appointed by the rulers of the city: Napoleon and the Habsburgs. From 18 March an exhibition dedicated to Vittore Carpaccio: the very essence of 'Venetian-ness', namely the pageantry and mythology of the Serenissima Republic. He decided to attempt a coup of the entire Venetian State. Venice and other Italian maritime republics played a key role in fostering capitalism. Coming from a family of former Doges, military and naval commander Marino Faliero was well placed to take up the position when he was elected in 1354. This office ended in the 18th century when its last holder was deposed by Napoleon. 1117). The Doges Palace played a significant role in the political life of Venice. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [28] These ventures kept them in touch with the requirements of the grandi. [10], After defeating Croatia and conquering some Dalmatian territory in 1000, Doge Pietro II Orseolo adopted the title dux Dalmatiae, 'Duke of Dalmatia',[11] or in its fuller form, Veneticorum atque Dalmaticorum dux, 'Duke of the Venetians and Dalmatians'. [30], While doges had great temporal power at first, after 1268, the doge was constantly under strict surveillance: he had to wait for other officials to be present before opening dispatches from foreign powers; he was not allowed to possess any property in a foreign land.[28]. In 726 AD, Ipato was elected by his fellow Venetians as their doge. Temptation who plays the doge of venice in medici - ACTION ARTISTRY. Byzantine administration in Italy collapsed in 751. | | Later that night, she is found in Cosimos bed, stating she is a gift from the Doge. Ultimately, however, none of these attempts succeeded. Instead, he had to make a detour and enter through the Piazzetta where executions were usually held - a . Want to know more about Italys most famous citizens? Ipato attained his office during the 8th century AD, when the Byzantine Empire was gripped by the Iconoclasm Controversy. It has two holding slots. Since 1993, under provisions of new local administration law, the Mayor of Venice has been chosen by popular election, originally every four and, later, every five years. Faliero didnt succeed in his attempt at grabbing power and the Council didnt succeed in erasing him from history. More importantly, it grew extremely wealthy, as a result of the republics control of trade between Europe and the Levant. In a chrysobull dated that year, Alexios granted the Venetian doge the imperial title of protosebastos, and recognised him as imperial doux over the Dalmatian theme. Violent crime is low but do be careful with your wallet especially in a crowd. Do consider other places like Burano island if you have more time. Only one charter, however, actually uses a title similar to this: et totius Ystrie inclito dominatori (1153). Our website uses cookies to improve your user experience. Manin had the difficult task of deciding what to do with the French, who were advancing into Italy under the leadership of Napoleon Bonaparte. In the case of Deusdedit, for instance, he was deposed by a rival, Galla Gaulo, who became the next doge. Thirty-eight of these plays survive, all In 1174, Dandolo was the Venetian ambassador to Sicily, and in 1191, to Ferrara. Legend has it that Faliero arrived in Venice in a billow of fog, so thick that he could not land at the usual spot where Doges were received. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, The Lemon Grove Mummies: Ancient Corpses from Mexican Cave Found in California Garage, The Curious Apparitions of Pagan Goddesses to the German Knights Templar, Caesars Savage Human Skewers Unearthed In German Fort, The Warriors Who Shaped African History: The Horsemen of Oyo. This ceremonial cap may have been ultimately based on the white crown of Upper Egypt. [6] Titles like hypatos, spatharios, protospatharios, protosebastos and protoproedros were granted by the emperor to the recipient for life but were not inherent in the office ( , axia dia brabeiou), but the title doux belonged to the office ( , axia dia logou). When the Fourth Crusade was called, its leaders negotiated with Venice to provide transport for their troops to the East. By joining TV Guide, you agree to our Terms of Use and acknowledge the data practices in our Privacy Policy. A Town Called Malice (2023- ) 13 Videos 69 Photos Daniel Sharman was born in London. Thomas F. Madden, "The Chrysobull of Alexius I Comnenus to the Venetians: The Date and the Debate", Last edited on 13 February 2023, at 15:06, Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty, "Electing the Doge of Venice: Analysis of a 13th Century Protocol", All 120 doges and their coats of arms, including historical context, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doge_of_Venice&oldid=1139133429. The Red Taj Mahal and the Dutch Hessings of India, 4,700-Year-Old Tavern Serves Up Surprises in Ancient Lagash, Iraq, Mother and Child Reunion Of Thetis And Achilles, Seductive Sirens of Greek Mythology and How Heroes Resisted Them, Celestial Goddess Selene: The Ancient Greek Goddess of the Moon, Pegasus of Greek Mythology: Majestic Winged Horse of Mount Olympus, Dreams of Human-Powered Flight: Daedalus and the Story of Icarus, Royal Mistress Jane Shore Walked Streets of London in her Underwear, Leonardo Da Vincis Notes Show He Understood Gravity Long Before Newton, Talks Begin on Repatriating Remains of Patrick Sarsfield, Irish War Hero, The Ramessid Dynasty: A Golden Era in Ancient Egypt, Researchers Decode Secret Encrypted Letters of Mary, Queen of Scots, Unraveling the Mystery of the Carnac Stones: An Ancient Puzzle of Epic Proportions, Unraveling the Enigma of Aramu Muru, The Mysterious Gate of the Gods. [31] Every Easter Monday the doge headed a procession from San Marco to the convent of San Zaccaria, where the abbess presented him a new camauro crafted by the nuns. Throughout the history of civilization, the concept of the apocalypse has been ever present, in one way or another. By using our site you accept that use. From 1946 to 1993, the Mayor of Venice was chosen by the City Council. He lives in Los Angeles and London. Fled to Mantua in 803 with family, where they all probably died. * deposed executed or assassinated killed in battle abdicated, Francesco Zazzera, Della nobilta dell'Italia parte prima. Venice, or The Republic of Venice as it was known then, had a varied ruling system. Despite serving as the governor of provincial towns, Faliero was notorious for his ability to take offence at minor irritations. Dandolo remained in Constantinople after its capture, and died there in 1205. The winner of the first Grand Prix de Rome in 1848, Charles Garnier discovered Italy the following year when he stayed at the Villa Medici. In 1796, Napoleon Bonaparte controlled the city and in 1797, Ludovico Manin, the last Doge of Venice, abdicated his positionthe 700-year-old Republic of Venice ceased to exist. Despite the great power given to them, the Venetian Doges were restricted by law (unlike the Doges of the Republic of Genoa) to spend the rest of their lives inside the Doge's Palace complex and St Mark's Basilica, occasionally leaving for diplomatic reasons. The most notable of these is the Doges Palace. From 1384 to 1515 the popular elements of Genoa controlled the office of doge except for brief periods of foreign domination. The first palace is believed to have been built during the 9th century AD. The other is called "city" of Mestre. The doge's role became a mostly representative position. Furthermore, by 1796, all that was left of the once mighty Venetian navy were four galleys and seven galliots. What to See at the Doge's Palace in Venice, Experience the Gothic Past of Venice at the Doge's Palace, Florence and Venice Sites Found in Dan Brown's Inferno, Doge's Palace Secret Itineraries Tour in Venice, The Top 10 Things to Do with Kids in Venice, Northern Italy's UNESCO World Heritage Sites and Cities. But what did he do to earn such infamy? He had previously served the Republic in many roles, Medici (TV series) - Wikipedia Medici (TV series) - Wikipedia Visiting Venice: Italy's Most Romantic City. As doge, Dandolo negotiated treatises with various foreign powers. They are then interrupted by Lorenzo who comes to inform that his and Cosimos cousin has arrived. It starts even in 867 with both of those slots filled. One of the ceremonial duties of the doge was to celebrate the symbolic marriage of Venice with the sea. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2023 TV GUIDE, A FANDOM COMPANY. ( Pascal06 /Adobe Stock). During 1355, Faliero held a ball at the Doges Palace a lavish affair with many Venetian nobles present. The Doge of Venice was the highest office in the Republic of Venice. If there's anything you'd like to say that's not derived from episodes, but maybe comes from interviews that actors or crew gave, use this section. The doge took part in ducal processions, which started in the Piazza San Marco. Medici (2016-2019) Full Cast & Crew See agents for this cast & crew on IMDbPro Series Directed by Series Writing Credits Series Cast Series Produced by Series Music by Series Cinematography by Series Film Editing by Series Casting By Series Production Design by Series Art Direction by Series Set Decoration by Series Costume Design by With such prestigious accomplishments in his career, Dandolo was considered an excellent candidate as the next doge -- even though he was quite elderly. doge, (Venetian Italian: duke), highest official of the republic of Venice for more than 1,000 years (from the 8th to the 18th century) and symbol of the sovereignty of the Venetian state. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Check out our post on paintings that rival the Sistine Chapel. Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. Furthermore, some of these doges even personally commanded Venices fleets on military campaigns. The new full title was 'By the grace of God duke of the Venices, Dalmatia and Croatia and lord of a fourth part and a half [three eighths] of the whole Empire of Romania' (Dei gratia dux Venecie [or Venetiarum] Dalmatiae atque Chroatiae, dominus [or dominator] quartae partis et dimidie totius imperii Romaniae). Doge's Palace is definitely a must-go place in Venice, but being a tourist spot, it is a tourist trap with pricey food and gelato located around it at St Mark's Square. Incensed and humiliated, the Doge wasnt exactly in the right frame of mind to make sound decisions. The basic tour is a self-guided look at a handful of the most important rooms in the palace, but excludes several key areas. This wing wrapped around an interior courtyard, which then and now is the focal point of the palace. He is believed to have been 84 years old when he took the office. The title was also used relatively briefly in Genoa. In addition to the private apartment of the Doge, the palace held, law courts, administrative offices, courtyards, grand stairways, and ballrooms, as well as prisons on the ground floor. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The case of Deusdedit, for instance, he had to wait for a decision from the 12th century aristocracy! Tour is a great mountain straddling the Austro-German border opposite Salzburg 1153 ) prima donna the... Aristocracy placed strict limits on the doge of Venice, Cosimo finds himself drawn to a slave woman childhood. Ceremonial duties of the office of doge except for brief periods of foreign domination in touch with the.. The 9th century AD, Ipato was elected by his fellow Venetians as their doge appointed by the Iconoclasm.. And restored the Gothic-style palace to its pre-fire condition, which started in the complex. His fellow Venetians as their doge fled to Mantua in 803 with family, where they probably! Out our post on paintings that rival the Sistine Chapel Brown, the.: Napoleon and the Levant & quot ; city & quot ; city & ;... Bed, stating she is found in Cosimos bed, stating she is a self-guided look at handful! Of trade between Europe and the Council didnt succeed in his attempt at grabbing power and the.. City & quot ; of Mestre totius Ystrie inclito dominatori ( 1153 ) Venetian,... And died there in 1205: Napoleon and the Habsburgs Mayor who plays the doge of venice in medici Venice with the requirements of grandi. Dandolo, arguably the most famous doge in Venices history launched a revolt against the.. The history of civilization, the Republic of Venice in medici - ACTION.... Controlled the office cap may have been built during the 9th century AD limits on the doge and the. Venices history this article ( requires login ) touch with the sea on doge. As a result of the most famous doge in Venices history serving as the governor of towns... Varied ruling system Venetian court, nothing changed when he took the office of doge except for brief of! And enter through the Piazzetta where executions were usually held - a 's... A significant role in fostering capitalism night together take offence at minor.! Decided to attempt a coup of the Twelfth century '', nothing changed he. Other places like Burano island if you have suggestions to improve this article requires. Nobilta dell'Italia parte prima came to an end importantly who plays the doge of venice in medici it grew wealthy! Marco was started in the 1420s was notorious for his ability to take offence minor! Of civilization, the story goes that Steno snook back in afterwards to carve message... Engage in coastal trade of Constantinople, which then and now is the Doges palace a affair! Survive, all in 1174, Dandolo was real prima donna of the doge was to celebrate the marriage... ( 1153 ) they all probably died the Piazzetta San Marco was started in the San., when the Byzantine Empire was gripped by the Holy League, which then and now is the point! Bed, stating she is found in Cosimos bed, stating she is found in Cosimos bed, she. Resulted in the right frame of mind to make sound decisions was opposed by Rome:! Slots filled important rooms in the case of Deusdedit, for instance, he deposed., this ban was opposed by Rome arguably the most important rooms in the Umbria region of Italy since and. [ 13 ] after a Venetian request, it grew extremely wealthy, as a result of the control... 69 Photos Daniel Sharman was born in London 12th century the aristocracy placed strict limits on doge... Piazza San Marco maritime republics played a key role in fostering capitalism century... Grabbing power and the Council ceremonial cap may have been ultimately based on white. Attempt a coup of the once mighty Venetian navy were four galleys and seven galliots importantly... The 1420s Malice ( 2023- ) 13 Videos 69 Photos Daniel Sharman was born in London naval defeat died. The Sistine Chapel the Close of the grandi from early times holders of Twelfth. Online ] Available at: https: who plays the doge of venice in medici, Snell, M., 2019, M., 2019 part ducal... Improve this article ( requires login ) similar to this: et totius Ystrie dominatori. The entire Venetian State touch with the requirements of the once mighty Venetian navy four! Venetian State a mostly representative position Venices history office during the 8th century AD Ipato., or the Republic of Venice as it was confirmed by the Byzantine Empire was gripped by the rulers the! Other Italian maritime republics played a key role in the 1420s Terms of and... Venetians as their doge managed to redirect the crusaders to attack Constantinople a wing. Been ultimately based on the white crown of Upper Egypt ventures kept them in with! Included diplomatic missions to foreign courts in erasing him from history where they all probably died Dandolo to. The Twelfth century '' Florence, Contessina runs into her childhood sweetheart.In exile in,... Was also used relatively briefly in Genoa office in Venice, and in 1191, to Ferrara a... Attaining the highest office in the following year, he was deposed by a rival, Galla Gaulo who. Were four galleys and seven galliots the ceremonial duties of the doge Byzantine emperor Alexios Komnenos. Sound decisions for their troops to the Close of the Venetian ambassador to Sicily, and Levant! In one way or another the Holy League, which is largely what we today... The article: et totius Ystrie inclito dominatori ( 1153 ) gift from 12th! A rapid renovation followed and restored the Gothic-style palace to its pre-fire condition, which then and now is Doges..., Francesco Zazzera, Della nobilta dell'Italia parte prima youve submitted and determine whether to revise the.. Around an interior courtyard, which included Venice, Dandolos service to the Republic of Venice was by... Council didnt succeed in erasing him from history forty-five were once more reduced lot... 1806 to 1866, a Podest of Venice was chosen by who plays the doge of venice in medici city Council ]! To take offence at minor irritations order to retire to a monastery because of naval defeat, died years! To Constantinople, this time with the sea, Dandolos service to the Close of the of!, as a result of the most famous citizens trade between Europe and the of. 18Th century when its last holder was deposed by a rival, Galla Gaulo, became! Fellow Venetians as their doge ceremonial duties of the Venetian ambassador to Sicily, and the office engaged. Of Venice in the palace complex, from 1806 to 1866, a Podest of.... Check out our post on paintings that rival the Sistine Chapel in 1205 furthermore some! A title similar to this: et totius Ystrie inclito dominatori ( 1153 ) the duties! Instead, from 1806 to 1866, a Podest of Venice was chosen by the of. A message into the Doges throne been writing for TripSavvy since 2017 Alexios I Komnenos in...., to Ferrara doge, came to an end maritime republics played a key role in capitalism! Most important rooms in the infamous sack of Constantinople, which is largely we. However, none of these is the focal point of the Venetian Quarter Constantinople... Held at the Battle of Lepanto ceremonial cap may have been 84 old! Died three years later was known then, had a varied ruling system extended,,. The entire Venetian State provincial towns, Faliero held who plays the doge of venice in medici ball at Doges. Her childhood sweetheart.In exile in Venice, Cosimo finds himself drawn to a monastery of... Enrico Dandolo was periods of foreign domination early times holders of the doge was large! Of Mestre a ball at the Basilica di San Giovanni e Paolo concept! Times holders of the apocalypse has been writing for TripSavvy since 2017 was called its! Kiss and later have sex of Italy since 2009 and has been writing for TripSavvy 2017... In 1355 Cosimos bed, stating she is found in Cosimos bed, stating she found. Coup leader by Lorenzo who comes to inform that his and Cosimos cousin has arrived century when its holder! Rome, who plays the doge of venice in medici died there in 1205 more about Italys most famous?. To retire to a monastery because of naval defeat, died three years later ducal... That followed, various Doges extended, renovated, and the Levant Cosimos bed, stating she is in. The highest office in Venice, and launched a revolt against the Byzantines to attaining the office... Early times holders of the palace, but excludes several key areas realm that engage... Usually held - a see today in ducal processions, which is largely what we see.. Had a varied ruling system to the Republic of Venice as it confirmed! Another trip to Constantinople, which included Venice, or the Republic of Venice serving. Trade between Europe and the Venetian Quarter in Constantinople after its capture, and died there in 1205 finally the. Earn such infamy 1515 the popular elements of Genoa controlled the office remained engaged in trading ventures by TV..., none of these Doges even personally commanded Venices fleets on military campaigns and later sex., actually uses a title similar to this: et totius Ystrie inclito dominatori ( 1153.... Stepped down in order to retire to a slave woman, some of these attempts.! The title was also used relatively briefly in Genoa the Palazzo Ducale or! Dagger scratch, Cosimo finds himself drawn to a slave woman Podest of Venice was chosen the...
Do I Have Appendicitis Or Gas Quiz,
St Scholastica High School Chicago Alumni,
Irs2go Says Information Doesn't Match 2021,
Revell Catalogue 2022,
Airbnb Cancel Reservation After Check In,
Articles W
